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Copies a file or directory dd: Copies and converts a file df: Shows disk free space on file systems dir: Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.) dircolors: Set up color for ls: install: Copies files and set attributes ln: Creates a link to a file ls: Lists the files in a directory mkdir ...
A directory is a logical section of a file system used to hold files. Directories may also contain other directories. The cd command can be used to change into a subdirectory, move back into the parent directory, move all the way back to the root directory or move to any given directory.
The return statement, used to return a value from a function; The import and from statements, used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program; The match and case statements, an analog of the switch statement construct, that compares an expression against one or more cases as a control-of-flow measure.
When a process forks, a complete copy of the executing program is made into the new process. This new process is a child of the parent process, and has a new process identifier (PID). The fork() function returns the child's PID to the parent process. The fork() function returns 0 to the child process. This enables the two otherwise identical ...
clone is a system call in the Linux kernel that creates a child process that may share parts of its execution context with the parent. Like FreeBSD's rfork and IRIX's sproc, Linux's clone was inspired by Plan 9's rfork and can be used to implement threads (though application programmers will typically use a higher-level interface such as ...
The EXEHDR utility can be used to change the maximum allocation field of a program. However, if this is done and the program is invoked with one of the exec functions, the program might behave differently from a program invoked directly from the operating-system command line or with one of the spawn functions (see below).
Likewise, a similar strategy is used to deal with a zombie process, which is a child process that has terminated but whose exit status is ignored by its parent process. Such a process becomes the child of a special parent process, which retrieves the child's exit status and allows the operating system to complete the termination of the dead ...
The directory stack underlies the functions of these two commands. It is an array of paths stored as an environment variable in the CLI, which can be viewed using the command dirs in Unix or Get-Location -stack in PowerShell. The current working directory is always at the top of the stack.