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The factors of poor prognosis for people with thyroid lymphoma are advanced stage of the tumor, large size (>10 cm) as well as spreading to mediastinum. The overall survival for primary thyroid lymphoma is 50% to 70%, ranging from 80% in stage IE to less than 36% in stage IIE and IVE in 5 years. [5] [2] [citation needed]
Thyroid lymphoma; Squamous cell thyroid carcinoma; Sarcoma of thyroid; Hürthle cell carcinoma; The follicular and papillary types together can be classified as "differentiated thyroid cancer". [40] These types have a more favorable prognosis than the medullary and undifferentiated types. [41]
Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). [7] The name typically refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumours. [7] Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and constantly feeling tired.
Although primary thyroid B-cell lymphoma affects fewer than one in 1000 persons, it is more likely to affect those with long-standing autoimmune thyroiditis, [111] as there is a 67- to 80-fold increased risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. [112]
T-cell lymphoma is a rare form of cancerous lymphoma affecting T-cells. [1] Lymphoma arises mainly from the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes, such as T-cells, and can become cancerous. [2] T-cell lymphoma is categorized under Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and represents less than 15% of all Non-Hodgkin's diseases in the category. [3]
The use of rituximab has been established for the treatment of B-cell–derived hematologic malignancies, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). [ 7 ] In addition to cure-directed treatment, people can benefit from self-care to manage symptoms.
Markers can help with assessing prognosis, surveilling patients after surgical removal of tumors, and even predicting drug-response and monitor therapy. [ 1 ] Tumor markers can be molecules that are produced in higher amounts by cancer cells than normal cells, but can also be produced by other cells from a reaction with the cancer.
T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is a malignancy of B cells. B-cells are lymphocytes that normally function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies that, for example, bind to and neutralize invasive pathogens .