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  2. Affinity Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_Water

    In the summer of 2022, Affinity Water ran half the River Ver dry due to abstracting too much water. 6 miles out of the 17-mile length were considered as dry. Affinity Water abstract nearly 10 million litres of water each day from the river. The firm published a statement saying it is committed to reducing the amount it takes from the ...

  3. Chloride shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_shift

    This releases hydrogen ions from hemoglobin, increases free H + concentration within RBCs, and shifts the equilibrium towards CO 2 and water formation from bicarbonate. The subsequent decrease in intracellular bicarbonate concentration reverses chloride-bicarbonate exchange: bicarbonate moves into the cell in exchange for chloride moving out.

  4. Electromagnetic absorption by water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_absorption...

    Water vapor concentration for this gas mixture is 0.4%. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere, responsible for 70% of the known absorption of incoming sunlight, particularly in the infrared region, and about 60% of the atmospheric absorption of thermal radiation by the Earth known as the greenhouse effect. [25]

  5. Plastination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastination

    Plastination is a technique or process used in anatomy to preserve bodies or body parts, first developed by Gunther von Hagens in 1977. [1] The water and fat are replaced by certain plastics , yielding specimens that can be touched, do not smell or decay , and even retain most properties of the original sample.

  6. Contractile vacuole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contractile_vacuole

    The stage in which water flows into the CV is called diastole. The contraction of the contractile vacuole and the expulsion of water out of the cell is called systole. Water always flows first from outside the cell into the cytoplasm, and is only then moved from the cytoplasm into the contractile vacuole for expulsion. Species that possess a ...

  7. Tonicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonicity

    For cells without a cell wall such as animal cells, if the gradient is large enough, the uptake of excess water can produce enough pressure to induce cytolysis, or rupturing of the cell. When plant cells are in a hypotonic solution, the central vacuole takes on extra water and pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall. Due to the rigidity ...

  8. Hygroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygroscopy

    The file snake (Acrochordus granulatus), from a family known as completely aquatic, has hygroscopic skin that serves as a water reservoir, retarding desiccation, allowing it to travel out of water. [13] Another example is the sticky capture silk found in spider webs, e.g. from the orb-weaver spider (Larinioides cornutus).

  9. Fluid balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_balance

    The recommended daily amount of drinking water for humans varies. [1] It depends on activity, age, health, and environment.In the United States, the Adequate Intake for total water, based on median intakes, is 4.0 litres (141 imp fl oz; 135 US fl oz) per day for males older than 18, and 3.0 litres (106 imp fl oz; 101 US fl oz) per day for females over 18; it assumes about 80% from drink and 20 ...