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A fire lance as depicted in the Huolongjing, late 14th century (c. 1360-1375).. The fire lance (simplified Chinese: 火枪; traditional Chinese: 火槍; pinyin: huǒqiāng; lit. 'fire spear') was a gunpowder weapon used by lighting it on fire, and is the ancestor of modern firearms. [1]
The fire lance or fire tube—a combination of a firearm and flamethrower [36] —had been adapted and changed into several different forms by the time Jiao Yu edited the Huolongjing. [37] The earliest depiction of a fire lance is dated c. 950, a Chinese painting on a silk banner found at the Buddhist site of Dunhuang. [38]
The earliest known depiction of a gunpowder weapon is the illustration of a fire lance on a mid-10th century silk banner from Dunhuang. [2] The fire lance was a tube, made of paper and bamboo, [3] filled with black-powder and attached to the end of a spear, which was used as a flamethrower.
By the 1270s, Song cavalrymen were using fire lances as mounted weapons as evidenced by the account of a Song-Yuan battle in which two fire lance armed Song cavalrymen rushed a Chinese officer of Bayan of the Baarin. [22]
Fire arrow, rocket arrow (Chinese) Fire lance, Huo Qiang lance hand cannon (Chinese) Grose Bochse bombard (German) Hand cannon (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese) Hand mortar (European) Heilongjiang hand cannon (Chinese) Hu Dun Pao cannon (Chinese) Huo Che rocket arrow launcher (Chinese) Huo Chong hand cannon (Chinese) Hwacha rocket arrow ...
The hand cannon (simplified Chinese: 火铳; traditional Chinese: 火銃; pinyin: huǒchòng or 手铳; 手銃; shǒuchòng), also known as the gonne or handgonne, is the first true firearm and the successor of the fire lance. [1] It is the oldest type of small arms, as well as the most mechanically simple form of metal barrel firearms.
A fire lance as depicted in the Huolongjing. A fire ox from the Huolongjing. Rebel forces led by Li Heng (李橫) encircled the city of De'an (德安; modern Anlu in eastern Hubei) with a force of 10,000, established around 70 stockades, and set up watch towers to observe enemy movements within the city and relay their positions by fire at night and bright flags by day.
Another weapon the Jin employed was an improved version of the fire lance called the flying fire lance. The History of Jin provides a detailed description: "To make the lance, use chi-huang paper, sixteen layers of it for the tube, and make it a bit longer than two feet. Stuff it with willow charcoal, iron fragments, magnet ends, sulfur, white ...