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In the shell model for the nucleus, magic numbers are the numbers of nucleons at which a shell is filled. For instance, the magic number 8 occurs when the 1s 1/2 , 1p 3/2 , 1p 1/2 energy levels are filled, as there is a large energy gap between the 1p 1/2 and the next highest 1d 5/2 energy levels.
The numbers of nucleons for which shells are filled are called magic numbers. Magic numbers of 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 and 126 have been observed for neutrons, and the next number is predicted to be 184. [6] [27] Protons share the first six of these magic numbers, [28] and 126 has been predicted as a magic proton number since the 1940s. [29]
The concept of magic numbers in the field of chemistry refers to a specific property (such as stability) for only certain representatives among a distribution of structures. It was first recognized by inspecting the intensity of mass-spectrometric signals of rare gas cluster ions. [ 1 ]
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Hassium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Hs and atomic number 108. It is highly radioactive: its most stable known isotopes have half-lives of about ten seconds. [a] One of its isotopes, 270 Hs, has magic numbers of protons and neutrons for deformed nuclei, giving it greater stability against spontaneous fission.
Magic Number (game), a pricing game on The Price is Right "Magic Number" (song), a song by Maaya Sakamoto "The Magic Number", a 1990 song by De La Soul from 3 Feet High and Rising; The Magic Numbers, a British rock band; Magic Numbers or Hannah Fry's Magic Numbers, a 2018 series of episodes about Mathematics, presented by Hannah Fry.
The element also has 18 nuclear isomers, with mass numbers of 133 to 142, 144, 148, 149, 152, and 154 (some mass numbers have more than one isomer). The most stable of them is promethium-148m, with a half-life of 43.1 days; this is longer than the half-lives of the ground states of all promethium isotopes, except for promethium-143 to 147.
Tin is the 49th most abundant element on Earth, making up 0.00022% of its crust, and with 10 stable isotopes, it has the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, due to its magic number of protons.