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Closeness is a basic concept in topology and related areas in mathematics.Intuitively, we say two sets are close if they are arbitrarily near to each other. The concept can be defined naturally in a metric space where a notion of distance between elements of the space is defined, but it can be generalized to topological spaces where we have no concrete way to measure distances.
From a spatial point of view, nearness (a.k.a. proximity) is considered a generalization of set intersection.For disjoint sets, a form of nearness set intersection is defined in terms of a set of objects (extracted from disjoint sets) that have similar features within some tolerance (see, e.g., §3 in).
In the classic definition of the closeness centrality, the spread of information is modeled by the use of shortest paths. This model might not be the most realistic for all types of communication scenarios. Thus, related definitions have been discussed to measure closeness, like the random walk closeness centrality introduced by Noh and Rieger ...
Accuracy is also used as a statistical measure of how well a binary classification test correctly identifies or excludes a condition. That is, the accuracy is the proportion of correct predictions (both true positives and true negatives) among the total number of cases examined. [10]
Closeness centrality, the total geodesic distance from a given vertex to all other vertices, is the best known example. [7] Note that this classification is independent of the type of walk counted (i.e. walk, trail, path, geodesic). Borgatti and Everett propose that this typology provides insight into how best to compare centrality measures.
The speed of light is (by definition) exactly 299 792 458 m/s, extremely close to 3.0 × 10 8 m/s (300 000 000 m/s). This is a pure coincidence, as the metre was originally defined as 1 / 10 000 000 of the distance between the Earth's pole and equator along the surface at sea level, and the Earth's circumference just happens to be about 2/15 of ...
Rigor is a cornerstone quality of mathematics, and can play an important role in preventing mathematics from degenerating into fallacies. well-behaved An object is well-behaved (in contrast with being Pathological ) if it satisfies certain prevailing regularity properties, or if it conforms to mathematical intuition (even though intuition can ...
Closeness may refer to: closeness (mathematics) closeness (graph theory), the shortest path between one vertex and another vertex;