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Spastic cerebral palsy is the type of cerebral palsy characterized by spasticity or high muscle tone often resulting in stiff, jerky movements. [110] Itself an umbrella term encompassing spastic hemiplegia , spastic diplegia , spastic quadriplegia and – where solely one limb or one specific area of the body is affected – spastic monoplegia.
Symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy vary as the disability can affect individuals differently. [2] However, they typically appear in infancy and early childhood and most children are diagnosed in the first two years of life. [7] The main indicator of spastic cerebral palsy is a delay in reaching motor milestones. [2]
Spastic quadriplegia, also known as spastic tetraplegia, is a subset of spastic cerebral palsy that affects all four limbs (both arms and legs). Compared to quadriplegia , spastic tetraplegia is defined by spasticity of the limbs as opposed to strict paralysis .
Spastic diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that primarily affects the legs, with possible considerable asymmetry between the two sides. It is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, manifested as an especially high and constant "tightness" or "stiffness", [1] [2] usually in the legs, hips and pelvis.
Spastic cerebral palsy is by far the most common type, occurring in 70–80% of all cases. Moreover, spastic CP accompanies one of the other types in 30% of all cases.
Diplegia is the most common cause of crippling in children, specifically in children with cerebral palsy. [2] Other causes may be due to injury of the spinal cord. There is no set course of progression for people with diplegia. Symptoms may get worse but the neurological part does not change.
Spastic hypertonia involves uncontrollable muscle spasms, stiffening or straightening out of muscles, shock-like contractions of all or part of a group of muscles, and abnormal muscle tone. It is seen in disorders such as cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord injury. Rigidity is a severe state of hypertonia where muscle resistance occurs ...
The incidence of cerebral palsy has increased in the past 40 years. It has been estimated that, in the United States, cerebral palsy occurs in four out of every 1000 births. [11] Of those births, about 20–30% have spastic hemiplegia. Overall, spasticity is the more common type of cerebral palsy and non-spastic cerebral palsy is less common.