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Hydrocodone is only pharmaceutically available as an oral medication. [2] It is well-absorbed, but the oral bioavailability of hydrocodone is only approximately 25%. [4] [5] The onset of action of hydrocodone via this route is 10 to 20 minutes, with a peak effect (T max) occurring at 30 to 60 minutes, [51] and it has a duration of 4 to 8 hours. [2]
The following drugs are controlled by the German Narcotic Drugs Act (German: Betäubungsmittelgesetz or BtMG). Trade and possession of these substances without licence or prescription is considered illegal; prescription is illegal for drugs on Anlage I and II and drugs on Anlage III require a special prescription form.
Norhydrocodone is the major metabolite of the opioid analgesic hydrocodone. [1] It is formed from hydrocodone in the liver via N-demethylation predominantly by CYP3A4. [1] Unlike hydromorphone, a minor metabolite of hydrocodone, norhydrocodone is described as inactive. [2]
Knoll Pharmaceuticals was a drug development company founded by Albert Knoll and Hans Knoll in Germany in 1886. The company was taken over by German BASF in 1975, which sold it to Abbott Laboratories on 30 June 2002 for $6.9 billion. [1] [2] It was the developer of several drugs:
In January 2011, the FDA asked manufacturers of prescription combination products that contain paracetamol to limit the amount of paracetamol to no more than 325 mg in each tablet or capsule within three years.
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The two active components of the drug, ibuprofen and hydrocodone, do not affect each other's absorption characteristics or other pharmacokinetic parameters. [1] After an oral dose, the peak level of hydrocodone in the blood is reached 1.7 hours after administration. [1] The blood levels of ibuprofen peak 1.8 hours after oral administration. [1]
Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Hydrocodone. PubMed provides review articles from the past five years (limit to free review articles ) The TRIP database provides clinical publications about evidence-based medicine .