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Its name properly refers the Eastern emperor Valens but some also hold it to have honoured Valentinian. [6] Some researchers such as S. H. Rosenbaum, [citation needed] who place Valentia in far northern Britain also believe the name included wordplay with the Latin vallum ("wall"), cf. the island Munitia (wordplay on munitio) of Aethicus Ister's Cosmography.
Scotland during the Roman Empire refers to the protohistorical period during which the Roman Empire interacted within the area of modern Scotland. Despite sporadic attempts at conquest and government between the first and fourth centuries AD, most of modern Scotland, inhabited by the Caledonians and the Maeatae , was not incorporated into the ...
Holy Roman Empire: Germanic mercenary in the service of the Holy Roman Empire. William Iron Arm: 1035–1046 Norman adventurer who was the founder of the Hauteville family. William of Ypres: 1090–1164 1139–1154 Flemish mercenary commander who served as Stephen of England's chief lieutenant during The Anarchy.
Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. University of California Press. ISBN 0520928539. Potter, David S. (2004). The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-10057-7. Tomlin, Roger (1973). The Emperor Valentinian I. Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776.
Valentinian III (Latin: Placidus Valentinianus; 2 July 419 – 16 March 455) was Roman emperor in the West from 425 to 455. Starting in childhood, his reign over the Roman Empire was one of the longest, but was dominated by civil wars among powerful generals and the barbarian invasions.
Roman cavalryman trampling conquered Picts, on a tablet found at Bo'ness dated to c. 142 and now in the National Museum of Scotland. Of the surviving pre-Roman accounts of Scotland, the first written reference to Scotland was the Greek Pytheas of Massalia, who may have circumnavigated the British Isles of Albion and Ierne (Ireland) [28] [29 ...
Luguvalium (or Luguvalium Carvetiorum) was an ancient Roman city in northern Britain located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. It was the northernmost city of the Roman Empire.
383–393) ending the first Valentinian dynasty, were one of the most critical periods in the late Roman Empire, structuring the empire in ways that would have long lasting consequences. [5] The succeeding thirty years (395–425) from the death of Theodosius I to the death of his sons and ascent of Valentinian III ( r.