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The original procedure of the Robinson annulation begins with the nucleophilic attack of a ketone in a Michael reaction on a vinyl ketone to produce the intermediate Michael adduct. Subsequent aldol type ring closure leads to the keto alcohol, which is then followed by dehydration to produce the annulation product.
Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts: [11]. C 6 H 12 + O 2 → (CH 2) 5 CO + H 2 O. This process forms cyclohexanol as a by-product, and this mixture, called "KA Oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid.
The Borsche–Drechsel cyclization is a chemical reaction used to synthesize tetrahydrocarbazoles by the acid-catalyzed cyclization of cyclohexanone arylhydrazones. The reaction was first described by Edmund Drechsel [] in 1888 [1] and by Walther Borsche [] in 1908.
The archetypal Beckmann rearrangement [4] is the conversion of cyclohexanone to caprolactam via the oxime. Caprolactam is the feedstock in the production of Nylon 6. [5] The Beckmann solution consists of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic anhydride, and was widely used to catalyze the rearrangement.
The σ from the 2p is more non-bonding due to mixing, and same with the 2s σ. This also causes a large jump in energy in the 2p σ* orbital. The bond order of diatomic nitrogen is three, and it is a diamagnetic molecule. [12] The bond order for dinitrogen (1σ g 2 1σ u 2 2σ g 2 2σ u 2 1π u 4 3σ g 2) is three because two electrons are now ...
Solvent bonding differs from adhesive bonding, because the solvent does not become a permanent addition to the joined substrate. [4] Solvent bonding differs from other plastic welding processes in that heating energy is generated by the chemical reaction between the solvent and thermoplastic, and cooling occurs during evaporation of the solvent ...
Additionally, the reactivity of two series of ketones are in the orders Cl 3 CCOCH 3 > CH 3 COCH 3 > C 6 H 5 COCH 3 and cyclohexanone > cyclopentanone > cycloheptanone > cyclooctanone. [7] [8] These orders of reactivity are the same as those observed for reactions that are well established as proceeding through nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl ...
Upon heating in cyclohexanone, amino acids decarboxylate. In the related Hammick reaction, uncatalyzed decarboxylation of a picolinic acid gives a stable carbene that attacks a carbonyl electrophile. Oxidative decarboxylations are generally radical reactions. These include the Kolbe electrolysis and Hunsdiecker-Kochi reactions.