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The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR, AMR-NB or GSM-AMR) audio codec is an audio compression format optimized for speech coding. AMR is a multi-rate narrowband speech codec that encodes narrowband (200–3400 Hz) signals at variable bit rates ranging from 4.75 to 12.2 kbit/s with toll quality [ 3 ] speech starting at 7.4 kbit/s.
AMR-WB was developed by Nokia [1] and VoiceAge and it was first specified by 3GPP. [2] AMR-WB is codified as G.722.2, an ITU-T standard speech codec, formally known as Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB). G.722.2 AMR-WB is the same codec as the 3GPP AMR-WB.
Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband (AMR-WB+) is an audio codec that extends AMR-WB.It adds support for stereo signals and higher sampling rates. Another main improvement is the use of transform coding (transform coded excitation – TCX) additionally to ACELP.
AMR was originally developed by Sancus Capital Management, [1] an active investor in the CLO market not only as means to increase the efficiencies and reduce the costs of Traditional Refinancings, but also as a means for CLOs whose original issuance date predated the effective date of the U.S. risk retention rules to avoid being subject to the U.S. risk retention rules as a result of a ...
AMR audio (various) 8000 20 Adaptive Multi-Rate audio RFC 4867 dynamic (or profile) AMR-WB audio (various) 16000 20 Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband audio (ITU-T G.722.2) RFC 4867 dynamic (or profile) AMR-WB+ audio 1, 2 or omit 72000 13.3–40 Extended Adaptive Multi Rate – WideBand audio RFC 4352 dynamic (or profile) vorbis audio (various) (various)
The operational requirement is that the transcoder delay should be less than 30 ms. The transcoder delay is defined as the time interval between the instant a speech frame of 160 samples has been received at the encoder input and the instant the corresponding 160 reconstructed speech samples have been out-put by the speech decoder at an 8 kHz ...
Architecture Compliance Suite (ACS) is the test tools that help to check the compliance of these specifications. The Arm SystemReady Requirements Specification documents the requirements of the certifications. [174] This program was introduced by Arm in 2020 at the first DevSummit event. Its predecessor Arm ServerReady was introduced in 2018 at ...
Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) changes the spacing of grid points, to change how accurately the solution is known in that region. In the shallow water example, the grid might in general be spaced every few feet—but it could be adaptively refined to have grid points every few inches in places where there are large waves.