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The Panchatantra is an ancient Sanskrit collection of stories, probably first composed around 300 CE (give or take a century or two), [1] though some of its component stories may be much older. The original text is not extant, but the work has been widely revised and translated such that there exist "over 200 versions in more than 50 languages."
The Sanskrit language includes five tenses: present, future, past imperfect, past aorist and past perfect. [236] It outlines three types of voices: active, passive and the middle. [ 236 ] The middle is also referred to as the mediopassive, or more formally in Sanskrit as parasmaipada (word for another) and atmanepada (word for oneself).
Sanskrit as one of official languages of India. [1] Sanskrit revival, attempts at reviving the Sanskrit language. [2] [3] Non-educational institutions across the world with Sanskrit mottos; Renaming of cities in India to Sanskrit origin, for decolonisation. [4] Symbolic usage of Sanskrit; Sanskrit Wikipedia, launched in 2011. [5]
The approximately 3,000 scroll fragments are in Sanskrit or Buddhist Sanskrit, in the Brāhmī script, and date to a period from the 2nd to 8th century CE. [6] The Bower Manuscript is one of the oldest Sanskrit texts on birch bark in the Brāhmī script. It includes several texts covering subjects including a medical treatise and proverbs.
[9] [10] Some of the earliest-surviving fragments of Sanskrit drama date from c.200 BCE. [11] [12] The Mahābhāṣya by Patañjali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of classical Sanskrit drama. [5] This treatise on grammar from the 2nd century BCE provides a feasible date for the beginnings of theatre in India. [5]
[8] [9] [10] While most Sanskrit texts were composed in ancient India, others were composed in Central Asia, East Asia or Southeast Asia. Sanskrit literature is vast and includes Hindu texts, religious scripture, various forms of poetry (such as epic and lyric), drama and narrative prose. It also includes substantial works covering secular and ...
Assam and Northeast India, where Sanskrit has reached by the late vedic period, has Kamarupa Anusandhan Samiti which was established in 2012 to research Sanskrit, Ananda Ram Baruah institute of languages publishes Sanskrit manuscripts, and Assam Sanskrit Board is responsible for researching and preserving Sanskrit documents and manuscripts.
The Rañjanā script (Lantsa [2]) is an abugida writing system which developed in the 11th century [3] and until the mid-20th century was used in an area from Nepal to Tibet by the Newar people, the historic inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley, to write Sanskrit and Newar (Nepal Bhasa).