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2. Discovery and development of beta-blockers - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development...

   Figure 1: The chemical structure of dichloroisoprenaline or dichloroisoproterenol (), abbreviated DCI — the first β-blocker to be developed. β adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called beta-blockers or β-blockers) were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias. [1]

3. What is a beta blocker? Why they are vital to those with ...

   www.aol.com/news/beta-blocker-why-vital-those...

   The classification of drugs have been around since 1964 after Sir James Black discovered how they can assist people with heart disease.

4. List of cardiac pharmaceutical agents - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cardiac...

   Class of medications that are competitive antagonists that block the receptor sites for the endogenous catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) on adrenergic beta receptors, of the sympathetic nervous system. Acebutolol; Atenolol; Betaxolol; Bisoprolol; Carteolol; Carvedilol; Esmolol; Labetalol; Metoprolol ...

5. Adrenergic blocking agent - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_blocking_agent

   heart failure. The cardio-selective beta-1 blockers could cause adverse effects including bradycardia, reduced exercise ability, hypotension, atrioventricular nodal blockage and heart failure. [5] Other possible adverse effects include nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, weakness, headache, fatigue, and dryness in mouth and ...

6. Beta blocker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker

   Beta blockers are known primarily for their reductive effect on heart rate, although this is not the only mechanism of action of importance in congestive heart failure. [17] Beta blockers, in addition to their sympatholytic β 1 activity in the heart, influence the renin–angiotensin system at the kidneys.

7. Ivabradine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivabradine

   Patients who qualify for use of ivabradine for congestive heart failure are patients who have symptomatic heart failure, with reduced ejection fraction, and heart rate at least 70 bpm, and the condition not able to be fully managed by beta blockers. [3]