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The flicker fusion threshold, also known as critical flicker frequency or flicker fusion rate, is the frequency at which a flickering light appears steady to the average human observer. It is a concept studied in vision science , more specifically in the psychophysics of visual perception .
In visual perception, flicker is a human-visible change in luminance of an illuminated surface or light source which can be due to fluctuations of the light source itself, or due to external causes such as due to rapid fluctuations in the voltage of the power supply (power-line flicker) or incompatibility with an external dimmer.
Newer fluorescent lights without magnetic ballasts have essentially eliminated flicker. [6] [7] Individuals with high flicker fusion threshold are particularly affected by these obsolete, electromagnetic ballasts: their EEG alpha waves are markedly attenuated and they perform office tasks with greater speed and decreased accuracy. [8]
A 230-volt LED filament lamp, with an E27 base. The filaments are visible as the eight yellow vertical lines. An assortment of LED lamps commercially available in 2010: floodlight fixtures (left), reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom), and low-power accent light (right) applications An 80W Chips on board (COB) LED module from an industrial light luminaire, thermally ...
Temporal light artefacts (TLAs) are undesired effects in the visual perception of a human observer induced by temporal light modulations. Two well-known examples of such unwanted effects are flicker and stroboscopic effect. Flicker is a directly visible light modulation at relatively low frequencies (< 80 Hz) and small intensity modulation levels.
8: hecht s, verrijp cd. intermittent stimulation by light : iii. the relation between intensity and critical fusion frequency for different retinal locations. j gen physiol. 1933 nov 20;17(2):251-68. 9: hecht s, shlaer s, verrijp cd. intermittent stimulation by light : ii. the measurement of critical fusion frequency for the human eye.
The flicker of a CRT monitor can cause various symptoms in those sensitive to it such as eye strain, headaches [9] in migraine sufferers, and seizures in epileptics. [10]As the flicker is most clearly seen at the edge of our vision there is no obvious risk in using a CRT, but prolonged use can cause a sort of retinal shock where the flickering is seen even when looking away from the monitor.
Prior to Köhler illumination critical illumination was the predominant technique for sample illumination. Critical illumination has the major limitation that the image of the light source (typically a light bulb) falls in the same plane as the image of the specimen, i.e., the bulb filament is visible in the final image.