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Cleaning symbiosis is a relationship between a pair of animals of different species, involving the removal and subsequent ingestion of ectoparasites, diseased and injured tissue, and unwanted food items from the surface of the host organism (the client) by the cleaning organism (the cleaner). [5]
Herbivory is of extreme ecological importance and prevalence among insects.Perhaps one third (or 500,000) of all described species are herbivores. [4] Herbivorous insects are by far the most important animal pollinators, and constitute significant prey items for predatory animals, as well as acting as major parasites and predators of plants; parasitic species often induce the formation of galls.
Kleiber's law describes the relationship between an animal's size and its feeding strategy, saying that larger animals need to eat less food per unit weight than smaller animals. [21] Kleiber's law states that the metabolic rate (q 0 ) of an animal is the mass of the animal (M) raised to the 3/4 power: q 0 =M 3/4
Nectar is produced by flowering plants to attract pollinators to visit the flowers and transport pollen between them. Flowers often have specialized structures that make the nectar accessible only for animals possessing appropriate morphological structures, and there are numerous examples of coevolution between nectarivores and the flowers they ...
After their eggs hatch, the parents keep the larvae clean of fungus and bacteria and help the larvae feed by regurgitating food for them. [ 101 ] Some dung beetles provide parental care, collecting herbivore dung and laying eggs within that food supply, an instance of mass provisioning .
The mother licks and cleans her cubs, suckles them and viciously defends them from any potential threat. [143] Cubs open their eyes at the age of three to 14 days and their vision becomes clear after a few more weeks. [145] They can leave the denning site after two months and around the same time they start eating meat.
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Cleaner fish maintain a balance between eating ectoparasites and mucus or tissue because of the respective nutritional benefits, sometimes despite the risk to the client. [4] For example, the Caribbean cleaning goby ( Elacatinus evelynae ) will eat scales and mucus from the host during times of ectoparasite scarcity to supplement its diet.