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True dormancy or inherent (or innate) dormancy is caused by conditions within the seed that prevent germination even if the conditions are favorable. [7] Imposed dormancy is caused by the external conditions that remain unsuitable for germination [8] Seed dormancy can be divided into two major categories based on what part of the seed produces dormancy: exogenous and endogenous. [9]
The effect is separate from the contribution of the pollen towards the next generation. The term was coined in 1881 by the botanist Wilhelm Olbers Focke to refer to effects on maternal tissues, including the seed coat and pericarp, but at that time endosperm was also thought to be a maternal tissue, and the term became closely associated with ...
Monsanto said that it respected people's rights to express their opinion on the topic, but maintained that its seeds improved agriculture by helping farmers produce more from their land while conserving resources, such as water and energy. [82] The company reiterated that genetically modified foods were safe and improved crop yields. [86]
This case is not isolated. Around the same time, certain varieties of maize could be found with ubiquity across part of South America, suggesting a highly frequented and established trade route existed. Phytolith data from the southeastern United States suggest that two different lineages of maize were introduced from two different sources.
Maize rough dwarf (nanismo ruvido) Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) Maize sterile stunt Maize sterile stunt virus (strains of barley yellow striate virus) Maize streak: Maize streak virus (MSV) Maize stripe (maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca) Maize stripe virus: Maize tassel abortion Maize tassel abortion virus (MTAV) Maize vein enation
The karrikins and water can provide a 'wake-up call' for such seeds, triggering germination of the soil seed bank. The plants that depend on karrikins to grow are known as "fire-followers", [1] they emerge grow quickly, flower and produce new seeds, which fall to the ground. These seeds can remain in the soil for decades, until the next fire ...
3. Keebler Fudge Magic Middles. Neither the chocolate fudge cream inside a shortbread cookie nor versions with peanut butter or chocolate chip crusts survived.
[33] [34] Biopharmaceuticals produced include cytokines, hormones, antibodies, enzymes and vaccines, most of which are accumulated in the plant seeds. Many drugs also contain natural plant ingredients and the pathways that lead to their production have been genetically altered or transferred to other plant species to produce greater volume and ...