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Roughly one-quarter of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, [6] with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. [11] However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause disease, [169] and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. [87] In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were ...
Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
Usually, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis can be cured with long treatments of second-line drugs, but these are more expensive than first-line drugs and have more adverse effects. [39] The treatment and prognosis of MDR-TB are much more akin to those for cancer than to those for infection.
Common side effects include pelvic pain and hot flashes. [5] Other side effects can include changes in vision, vomiting, trouble sleeping, ovarian cancer , and seizures . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is not recommended in people with liver disease or abnormal vaginal bleeding of unknown cause or who are pregnant .
This can be caused by the formation of scar tissue due to one or more episodes of PID, and can lead to tubal blockage. Both of these increase the risk of the inability to get pregnant, [27] and 1% results in an ectopic pregnancy. [40] Chronic pelvic/abdominal pain develops post PID 40% of the time. [40]
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis caused by bacteria that are resistant to some of the most effective anti-TB drugs. XDR-TB strains have arisen after the mismanagement of individuals with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).
Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, to treat active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. [2] It is no longer recommended for leprosy. [3] [2] It is taken by mouth. [2] Ethionamide has a high rate of side effects. [4] Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.
Peritoneal tuberculosis: Peritoneal tuberculosis most often presents as abdominal pain and ascites. It can occur most commonly following re-activation of a latent focus of tuberculosis. [3] Intestinal tuberculosis: Tuberculosis of the intestine can affect multiple areas of the bowel simultaneously. The bacilli penetrate the mucosa, cause ...