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Gondwana (/ ɡ ɒ n d ˈ w ɑː n ə /) [1] was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent.The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Zealandia, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent.
The accretion of these arcs to the eastern margin of Gondwana was responsible for the Benambran Orogeny of eastern Australia. [30] [31] Subduction also took place along what is now Argentina (Famatinian Orogeny) at 450 Ma. [32] This involved significant back arc rifting. [18] The interior of Gondwana was tectonically quiet until the Triassic. [18]
Gondwana is a former supercontinent that broke off from the landmass of Pangea about 180 million years ago. It included South America, Africa, Australia and Antarctica.
The Gondwanax fossil material was discovered in 2014 by physician and paleontology enthusiast Pedro L. P. Aurelio at the "Linha Várzea 2" ("Becker") site, belonging to the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Formation) in Paraíso do Sul municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
The sedimentary deposition from this mountain chain, known as the Gondwana Super-fan, exceeded 100 million cubic kilometres (24 million cubic miles) or the equivalent to covering the United States with c. 10 km (6.2 mi) of sediment, lasted for 260 million years and coincided with the Cambrian explosion, the sudden radiation of animal life c ...
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Formed in late Cambrian, Rheic Ocean stretched between Gondwana and the microcontinent of Avalonia. Cuyania (northwest of today's Argentina) was located at low latitudes. Gondwana, already a large continent, consisted of today's South America, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India, eastern Australia and eastern Antarctica.
Scanning electron micrographs of the gills of the holotype of G. magnificus. The holotype, URM-88000, was discovered in the Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation, Nova Olinda, Brazil and the specimen was sent to the Illinois Natural History Survey Paleontological Collection before being repatriated to the URM Herbarium at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil.