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The status of Mary as Theotokos was a topic of theological dispute in the 4th and 5th centuries and was the subject of the decree of the Council of Ephesus of 431 to the effect that, in opposition to those who denied Mary the title Theotokos ("the one who gives birth to God") but called her Christotokos ("the one who gives birth to Christ ...
A mosaic from the Hagia Sophia of Constantinople (modern Istanbul), depicting Mary with Jesus, flanked by John II Komnenos (left) and his wife Irene of Hungary (right), c. 1118 AD 15th century icon of the Theotokos ("God-bearer") Eastern Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever-Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. [162]
The council declared Mary as Theotokos (Mother of God). [4] Nestorius' dispute with Cyril had led the latter to seek validation from Pope Celestine I, who offered his support for Cyril to request that Nestorius recant his position or face excommunication.
Related to this devotion is the Stabat Mater, a hymn composed in honor of the sufferings of Mary during the Crucifixion, generally attributed to Jacopone da Todi (1230-1306). [4] Alphonsus Liguori dedicated a whole chapter of his book The Glories of Mary (1750) to the seven dolors of Mary, and wrote reflections on each of the seven dolors. [11]
Christotokos (Greek: Χριστοτόκος, English: Christ-bearer) is a Greek title of Mary, the mother of Jesus, used historically by non-Ephesian (or "Nestorian") Church of the East. Its literal English translations also include the one who gives birth to Christ. Less literal translations include Mother of Christ. [1]
Russian icon of Pokrov Icon, showing a broad protective cloak. Mid 17th century, Ukraine. According to Eastern Orthodox Sacred Tradition, the apparition of Mary the Theotokos occurred during the 10th century at the Blachernae church in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) where several of her relics (her robe, her veil, and part of her belt) were kept.
Veneration of Mary as “Theotokos” (God bearer) supported the doctrine of the incarnation, and Christ's status as equal to the God the Father. Cyril believed that Nestorius' preference for the term “ Christotokos ” (Christ-bearer) undermined this and suggested that Christ was distinct persons: one fully human and born of Mary, the other ...
Anglican Marian theology is the summation of the doctrines and beliefs of Anglicanism concerning Mary, mother of Jesus.As Anglicans believe that Jesus was both human and God the Son, the second Person of the Trinity, within the Anglican Communion and Continuing Anglican movement, Mary is accorded honour [citation needed] as the theotokos, a Koiné Greek term that means "God-bearer" or "one who ...