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  2. Carbonyl oxidation with hypervalent iodine reagents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl_oxidation_with...

    A key iodine(III) enolate intermediate forms, which then undergoes either nucleophilic substitution (α-functionalization), elimination (dehydrogenation), or rearrangement. Common hypervalent iodine reagents used to effect these transformations include iodosylbenzene (PhIO), [1] Koser's reagent (PhI(OTs)OH), [1] and (dichloroiodo)benzene (PhICl ...

  3. Benzene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

    Sometimes, higher temperatures are used instead of a catalyst (at the similar reaction condition). Under these conditions, toluene undergoes dealkylation to benzene and methane: C 6 H 5 CH 3 + H 2 → C 6 H 6 + CH 4. This irreversible reaction is accompanied by an equilibrium side reaction that produces biphenyl (diphenyl) at higher temperature ...

  4. Alcohol oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_oxidation

    One family of Cr(VI) reagents employs the complex CrO 3 (pyridine) 2. [3] Sarett's reagent: a solution of CrO 3 (pyridine) 2 in pyridine. It was popularized for selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds. Collins reagent is a solution of the same CrO 3 (pyridine) 2 but in dichloromethane. The Ratcliffe variant ...

  5. Benzilic acid rearrangement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzilic_acid_rearrangement

    The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement ...

  6. Resonance (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance_(chemistry)

    The complete hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane via 1,3-cyclohexadiene and cyclohexene is exothermic; 1 mole of benzene delivers 208.4 kJ (49.8 kcal). Hydrogenation of one mole of double bonds delivers 119.7 kJ (28.6 kcal), as can be deduced from the last step, the hydrogenation of cyclohexene.

  7. List of carboxylic acids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_carboxylic_acids

    HO 2 CC(OH) 2 CO 2 H Mesoxalic acid: oxopropanedioic acid ketomalonic acid ... (CH 2) 10 COOH benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acid: mellitic acid graphitic acid

  8. Structural isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_isomer

    An example is the pair propanal H 3 C–CH 2 –C(=O)-H and acetone H 3 C–C(=O)–CH 3: the first has a –C(=O)H functional group, which makes it an aldehyde, whereas the second has a C–C(=O)–C group, that makes it a ketone. Another example is the pair ethanol H 3 C–CH 2OH (an alcohol) and dimethyl ether H 3 C–O–CH 2 H (an ether).

  9. Hexamethylbenzene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethylbenzene

    Hexamethylbenzene, also known as mellitene, is a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C 12 H 18 and the condensed structural formula C 6 (CH 3) 6.It is an aromatic compound and a derivative of benzene, where benzene's six hydrogen atoms have each been replaced by a methyl group.