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For example, an ASCII (or extended ASCII) scheme will use a single byte of computer memory, while a UTF-8 scheme will use one or more bytes, depending on the particular character being encoded. Alternative ways to encode character values include specifying an integer value for a code point, such as an ASCII code value or a Unicode code point.
Originally based on the (modern) English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart in this article. [12] Ninety-five of the encoded characters are printable: these include the digits 0 to 9 , lowercase letters a to z , uppercase letters A to Z , and punctuation symbols .
In 1973, ECMA-35 and ISO 2022 [18] attempted to define a method so an 8-bit "extended ASCII" code could be converted to a corresponding 7-bit code, and vice versa. [19] In a 7-bit environment, the Shift Out would change the meaning of the 96 bytes 0x20 through 0x7F [a] [21] (i.e. all but the C0 control codes), to be the characters that an 8-bit environment would print if it used the same code ...
The ISO/IEC 10646 standard, directly related to Unicode, supersedes all of the ISO646 and ISO/IEC 8859 sets with one unified set of character encodings using a larger 21-bit value. ISO 646:JP A legacy of ISO/IEC 646 is visible on Windows, where in many East Asian locales the backslash character used in filenames is rendered as ¥ or other ...
The interpretation of the control key with non-ASCII ("foreign") keys also varies between systems. Control characters are often rendered into a printable form known as caret notation by printing a caret (^) and then the ASCII character that has a value of the control character plus 64. Control characters generated using letter keys are thus ...
English: US-ASCII (1967) Code Chart. "SUB" (column 1 / row 10) and other symbols were introduced with the 1967 revision. Control Characters: (see File:US ASCII Control Character Symbols.png )
HTML and XML provide ways to reference Unicode characters when the characters themselves either cannot or should not be used. A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name.
Boxing is the operation of converting a value of a value type into a value of a corresponding reference type. [15] Boxing in C# is implicit. Unboxing is the operation of converting a value of a reference type (previously boxed) into a value of a value type. [15] Unboxing in C# requires an explicit type cast. Example: