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Hail is a form of solid precipitation. [1] It is distinct from ice pellets (American English "sleet"), though the two are often confused. [2] It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone. [3] Ice pellets generally fall in cold weather, while hail growth is greatly inhibited during low surface temperatures.
As the hailstone ascends it passes into areas of the cloud where the concentration of humidity and supercooled water droplets varies. The hailstone's growth rate changes depending on the variation in humidity and supercooled water droplets that it encounters. The accretion rate of these water droplets is another factor in the hailstone's growth.
They are indicative that some form of precipitation forms and exists at the freezing level, a varying point in the atmosphere in which the temperature is 0°C. [4] In mid-latitude regions, convective precipitation is often associated with cold fronts where it is often found behind the front, occasionally initiating a squall line .
A hailstone grows larger when other drops freeze onto its surface while it is inside an updraft, creating growth layers and the knobby appearance that big stones get as they spin and tumble in the ...
One hailstone that fell in Texas on April 28, 2021, set a new state record at 6.4 inches in diameter, and Colorado set its state record with a 5.25-inch stone that fell on Aug. 8, 2023.
Research suggests climate change will make hailstones larger. Already, hail has caused higher damage costs in the U.S. this year than hurricanes and floods put together.
Cloud seeding in the United Arab Emirates is a weather modification technique used by the government to address water challenges in the country. Cloud seeding is also referred to as man made precipitation and artificial rain making. [61] The United Arab Emirates is one of the first countries in the Persian Gulf region to use cloud seeding ...
the cloud IR emissivity, with values between 0 and 1, with a global average around 0.7; the effective cloud amount, the cloud amount weighted by the cloud IR emissivity, with a global average of 0.5; the cloud (visible) optical depth varies within a range of 4 and 10. the cloud water path for the liquid and solid (ice) phases of the cloud particles