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The Goldman Sachs asset management (GSAM) factor model is a quantitative investment model used by financial analysts to assess the potential performance and risk of company. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] There are various types of factor models – statistical models, macroeconomic models and fundamental models.
National Intangible Capital NIC consists of four basic dimensions according to the model by Edvinsson & Malone (1997). [3] This model has been further developed, [4] now consisting 48 different indicators representing the four main NIC categories: [1] Human capital: Capacity and capability of a country population Market capital: Global business ...
Intellectual capital is the result of mental processes that form a set of intangible objects that can be used in economic activity and bring income to its owner (organization), covering the competencies of its people (human capital), the value relating to its relationships (relational capital), and everything that is left when the employees go home (structural capital), [1] of which ...
In economics, a factor market is a market where factors of production are bought and sold. Factor markets allocate factors of production, including land, labour and capital, and distribute income to the owners of productive resources, such as wages, rents, etc. [1] Firms buy productive resources in return for making factor payments at factor ...
The fastest growing types of intangible asset over 2011–2021 have been software and data, followed by brands, organizational capital, and new financial products. Recent estimates from Brand Finance used in the Global Innovation Index (GII) suggest that the global value of intangibles has been growing rapidly over the last 25 years to reach ...
fictitious capital, which refers to intangible representations or abstractions of physical capital, such as stocks, bonds and securities (or "tradable paper claims to wealth") Adam Smith defined capital as "that part of man's stock which he expects to afford him revenue". In economic models, capital is an input in the production function.
Goodwill and intangible assets are usually listed as separate items on a company's balance sheet. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In the b2b sense, goodwill may account for the criticality that exists between partners engaged in a supply chain relationship, or other forms of business relationships, where unpredictable events may cause volatilities across entire ...
In 2015, Fama and French extended the model, adding a further two factors — profitability and investment. Defined analogously to the HML factor, the profitability factor (RMW) is the difference between the returns of firms with robust (high) and weak (low) operating profitability; and the investment factor (CMA) is the difference between the returns of firms that invest conservatively and ...