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Example of a Sankey diagram Sankey's original 1898 diagram showing energy efficiency of a steam engine. Sankey diagrams are a data visualisation technique or flow diagram that emphasizes flow/movement/change from one state to another or one time to another, [1] in which the width of the arrows is proportional to the flow rate of the depicted extensive property.
Sankey's diagram, 1898. In an 1898 article about the energy efficiency of a steam engine in the Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Sankey introduced the first energy flow diagram: a visualisation to be christened Sankey diagram. [4] Sankey gave the following explanation how to read the image:
English: A Sankey diagram showing the Earth's energy budget. In the SVG version, hover over a line to highlight it and show its contribution in a tooltip. S M Reddy, S J Chary. University Botany II : (Gymnosperms, Plant Anatomy, Genetics, Ecology). New Age International. Retrieved on 9 December 2015.
A quad is a unit of energy equal to 10 15 (a short-scale quadrillion) BTU, [1] or 1.055 × 10 18 joule (1.055 exajoules or EJ) in SI units. The unit is used by the U.S. Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets. The global primary energy production in 2022 was 637.8 quad, i.e., 672.9 EJ. [2]
A Sankey diagram showing the multiple stages of energy loss between the wall plug and the light output of a fluorescent lamp. The greatest losses occur due to the Stokes shift. In optical systems such as lighting and lasers, the energy conversion efficiency is often referred to as wall-plug efficiency.
Hybrid Sankey diagram of 2011 U.S. interconnected water and energy flows. The water-energy nexus is the relationship between the water used for energy production, [1] including both electricity and sources of fuel such as oil and natural gas, and the energy consumed to extract, purify, deliver, heat/cool, treat and dispose of water (and wastewater) sometimes referred to as the energy intensity ...
Fig 3 illustrates the energy exchanges in a CLC system graphically and shows a Sankey diagram of the energy fluxes occurring in a reversible CLC based engine. Studying Fig 1, a heat engine is arranged to receive heat at high temperatures from the exothermic oxidation reaction.
The material flow management process utilizes the Sankey diagram, and echoes the circular economy model, while being represented in media environments as a business model which may help lower the costs of production and waste. An important tool for MFM is the Sankey diagram.