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[2] [3] Another monastery Kanchi Kamkoti Peeth in south India also derives its establishment and tradition to Adi Shankara, however its heads are called "Acharya" or "Jagadguru" instead of "Shankaracharya". The table below gives an overview of the four main Shankaracharya Amnaya Mathas reputedly founded by Adi Shankara, and their details. [4]
Jyotir Math is the uttaramnaya matha or northern monastery, one of four cardinal institutions established by Adi Shankara, the reviver of Vedic Sanatana Dharma. [1] Shankara's four principal disciples, Padma-Pada, Hasta-Malaka, Suresvaracharya and Totakacharya were assigned to these four learning centers in the north, south, east and west of India. [3]
The monk Adi Shankara organised four maṭhas to correspond to the four sites of the Char Dham: the headquarters at Dwarka in the West, Puri in the East, Sringeri Sharada Peetham in the South and Badarikashrama in the North. [10] The table below gives an overview of the four Amnaya Maṭhas founded by Adi Shankara. [11]
The exact dates of birth of Adi Shankaracharya believed by four monasteries are Dvārakā at 491 BCE, [note 8] Jyotirmath at 485 BCE, Jagannatha Puri at 484 BCE and Sringeri at 483 BCE. [42] while according to the Kanchipuram Peetham Adi Shankara was born in Kali 2593 (509 BCE). [43] [note 9]
The Advaita Guru-Paramparā ("Lineage of Gurus in Non-dualism") is the traditional lineage of divine, Vedic and historical teachers of Advaita Vedanta.It begins with the Daiva-paramparā, the gods; followed by the Ṛṣi-paramparā, the Vedic seers; and then the Mānava-paramparā, with the historical teachers Gaudapada and Adi Shankara, and four of Shankara's pupils. [1]
It is a four storied structure representing four peeths believed by a tradition, developed in the 14th-17th century, to be established by Shankaracharya in different parts of the country. There are paintings on the walls here depicting the life history of Shankaracharya while the dome has carvings of Shiva in different postures. [5] [6]
Shankara's four principal disciples, Padma-Pada, Hasta-Malaka, Vartika-Kara or Sureshvara and Totakacharya were assigned to these four learning centers in the north, south, east and west of India. [6] The subsequent leaders of each of these four monasteries are known as Śaṅkarāchāryas in honor of the math's founder, Adi Shankara. [7]
The maṭhas which he built exist until today, and preserve the teachings and influence of Shankara, "while the writings of other scholars before him came to be forgotten with the passage of time". [17] The table below gives an overview of the four Amnaya maṭhas founded by Adi Shankara, and their details. [web 4]