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  2. Petrology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrology

    Petrology (from Ancient Greek πέτρος (pétros) 'rock' and -λογία 'study of') is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. [1]

  3. Sedimentology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentology

    Petrology and petrography; particularly measurement of texture, grain size, grain shape (sphericity, rounding, etc.), sorting and composition of the sediment Analysing the geochemistry of the rock Isotope geochemistry , including use of radiometric dating , to determine the age of the rock, and its affinity to source regions

  4. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    Petrology is the study of the character and origin of rocks. Mineralogy is the study of the mineral components that create rocks. The study of rocks and their components has contributed to the geological understanding of Earth's history, the archaeological understanding of human history, and the development of engineering and technology in ...

  5. Earth science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science

    It incorporates aspects of chemistry, physics, and biology as elements of geology interact. Historical geology is the application of geology to interpret Earth history and how it has changed over time. Geochemistry studies the chemical components and processes of the Earth. Geophysics studies the physical properties of the Earth.

  6. Cleavage (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_(geology)

    Cleavage, in structural geology and petrology, describes a type of planar rock feature that develops as a result of deformation and metamorphism. [1] The degree of deformation and metamorphism along with rock type determines the kind of cleavage feature that develops.

  7. Glossary of geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology

    Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...

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  9. Facies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facies

    In geology, a facies (/ ˈ f eɪ ʃ ɪ. iː z / FAY-shih-eez, US also / ˈ f eɪ ʃ iː z / FAY-sheez; same pronunciation and spelling in the plural) [a] is a body of rock with distinctive characteristics. [1]