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Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C 14 H 10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400–500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation. [13]
A Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter — by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, [ 1 ] or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires .
In organic chemistry, the aromatic alcohols or aryl-alcohols are a class of chemical compounds containing a hydroxyl group (−O H) bonded indirectly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group, [1] in contrast to the phenols, where the hydroxyl group is bonded directly to an aromatic carbon atom. [2] Aromatic alcohols are produced by the yeast Candida ...
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula C 14 H 8 O 2. Several isomers exist but these terms usually refer to 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the keto groups are located on the central ring. It is used as a digester additive to wood pulp for papermaking.
Simple aromatic rings can be heterocyclic if they contain non-carbon ring atoms, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. They can be monocyclic as in benzene, bicyclic as in naphthalene, or polycyclic as in anthracene. Simple monocyclic aromatic rings are usually five-membered rings like pyrrole or six-membered rings like pyridine.
An aromatic π-sextet can be represented by a circle, as in the case of the anthracene molecule (below). Clar's rule states that for a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (i.e. one with only hexagonal rings), the resonance structure with the largest number of disjoint aromatic π-sextets is the most important to characterize its chemical ...
The reaction of anthracene with N-methylformanilide, also using phosphorus oxychloride, gives 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde: N -Methylformanilide and anthracene and phosphorus oxychloride In general, the electron-rich arene ( 3 ) must be much more active than benzene for the reaction to proceed; phenols or anilines are good substrates.