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Anopheles (/ ə ˈ n ɒ f ɪ l iː z /) is a genus of mosquito first described by the German entomologist J. W. Meigen in 1818, and are known as nail mosquitoes and marsh mosquitoes. [1] Many such mosquitoes are vectors of the parasite Plasmodium , a genus of protozoans that cause malaria in birds , reptiles , and mammals , including humans.
The Aedes, Anopheles and Culex genuses, to be exact. The species within those genuses can each transmit multiple viruses or parasites. Anopheles carries malaria, Culex carries West Nile, and the ...
Aedes (also known as the tiger mosquito [1]) is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity : Aedes albopictus , a particularly invasive species , was spread to the Americas , including the United States , in the ...
Of the approximately 430 Anopheles species, while over 100 are known to be able to transmit malaria to humans, only 30–40 commonly do so in nature. Mosquitoes in other genera can transmit different diseases, such as yellow fever and dengue for species in the genus Aedes. The genus Aedes has over 950 species. [1]
Common mosquito-borne viral diseases include yellow fever [101] and dengue fever transmitted mostly by Aedes aegypti. [102] Parasitic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include malaria and lymphatic filariasis. The Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria are carried by female Anopheles mosquitoes.
Anopheles anthropophagus Xu and Feng is considered to be a junior synonym of Anopheles lesteri de Meillon 1931. Anopheles bonneorum Fonseca & Ramos is considered to be a synonym of Anopheles costai. Anopheles lewisi Ludlow 1920 is a synonym of Anopheles thomasi Shannon 1933. Anopheles lineata Lutz is a synonym of Anopheles nimbus Theobald.
Twenty-seven (27) sub-Saharan African countries have reported Anopheles vector resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. [34] Indoor spraying of insecticides is another prevention method widely used to control mosquito vectors. To help control the Aedes aegypti mosquito, homes are sprayed indoors with residual insecticide applications.
The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. The complex was recognised in the 1960s and includes the most important vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa , particularly of the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum . [ 2 ]