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A partial dislocation is referred to as a subluxation. Dislocations are often caused by sudden trauma on the joint like an impact or fall. A joint dislocation can cause damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. [2] Dislocations can occur in any major joint (shoulder, knees, etc.) or minor joint (toes, fingers, etc.).
Dislocations of edge (left) and screw (right) type. In materials science, a dislocation or Taylor's dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect or irregularity within a crystal structure that contains an abrupt change in the arrangement of atoms.
A patellar dislocation typically occurs when the knee is straight and the lower leg is bent outwards when twisting. [1] [2] Occasionally, it occurs when the knee is bent and the patella is struck directly. [1] Commonly associated sports include soccer, gymnastics, and ice hockey. [2] Dislocations nearly always occur away from the midline. [2]
Residual dislocation content does not distinguish between glissile and sessile dislocations. Glissile dislocations contribute to slip and hardening, but sessile dislocations contribute only to latent hardening. [5] Diffraction methods cannot generally resolve the slip plane of a residual dislocation.
Dislocation glide cannot act on its own to produce large strains due to the effects of strain-hardening, where a dislocation ‘tangle’ can inhibit the movement of other dislocations, which then pile up behind the blocked ones causing the crystal to become difficult to deform. Diffusion and dislocation creep can occur simultaneously.
Hip dislocations can also occur following a hip replacement or from a developmental abnormality known as hip dysplasia. [6] Hip dislocations are classified by fracture association and by the positioning of the dislocated femoral head. [7] [8] A posteriorly positioned head is the most common dislocation type. [5]
A dislocation that has been brought to a halt by an obstacle (a point defect) can overcome the obstacle and start moving again by a process called dislocation climb. For dislocation climb to occur, vacancies have to be able to move through the crystal. When a vacancy arrives at the place where the dislocation is stuck it can cause the ...
A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [ 2 ] Complications may include injury to an artery , most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee , or compartment syndrome .