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The cause of the explosion was the ignition of ammonium nitrate used as raw material for fertilizer and explosives. [citation needed] Australia Taroom, Queensland 30 August 1972: 3 12 In the 1972 Taroom explosion, a truck carrying 12 tons of ammonium nitrate experienced an electrical fault and caught fire north of Taroom, Queensland. After the ...
SHARON (Single reactor system for High activity Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite) is a sewage treatment process. A partial nitrification process of sewage treatment used for the removal of ammonia and organic nitrogen components from wastewater flow streams. The process results in stable nitrite formation, rather than complete oxidation to nitrate.
Tovex is a 50/50 aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate and methylammonium nitrate (sometimes also called monomethylamine nitrate, or PR-M), sensitized fuels, and other ingredients including sodium nitrate prills, finely divided (paint-grade) aluminum, finely divided coal, proprietary materials to make some grades cap sensitive, and thickening agents to enhance water resistance and to act as ...
As ammonium nitrate is a salt, both the cation, NH + 4, and the anion, NO − 3, may take part in chemical reactions. Solid ammonium nitrate decomposes on heating. At temperatures below around 300 °C, the decomposition mainly produces nitrous oxide and water: NH 4 NO 3 → N 2 O + 2 H 2 O. At higher temperatures, the following reaction ...
Tovex, a form of water gel explosive. A water-gel explosive is a fuel-sensitized explosive mixture consisting of an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution that acts as the oxidizer. [1] Water gels that are cap-insensitive are referred to under United States safety regulations as blasting agents. Water gel explosives have a jelly-like consistency and ...
The presence of chlorides, from a cooling water leak, in the neutralizer and rundown tank; Lack of monitoring of the ammonium nitrate plant after the plant was shut down with the process vessels charged. The EPA had conducted a safety audit at the plant just eight months prior to the explosion. [8]
[79] [25] The 2,750 tonnes (3,030 short tons) of ammonium nitrate was the equivalent to around 1,155 tonnes of TNT (4,830 gigajoules). [80] The failure to remove the materials from the warehouse and relocate them was attributed to mismanagement of the port, corruption of the government, and inaction of the flag registry's country and ship owner.
During this process, a proton gradient is produced across the anammoxosome membrane, starting a catabolic reaction. Nitrate is first converted to nitric oxide in the presence of nitrate reductase, which is the first step in this reaction. Anammox oxidizes ammonium into nitrite, which is the reduced to hydroxylamine. Hydroxylamine and ammonia ...