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The Nixon shock was the effect of a series of economic measures, including wage and price freezes, surcharges on imports, and the unilateral cancellation of the direct international convertibility of the United States dollar to gold, taken by United States president Richard Nixon on 15 August 1971 in response to increasing inflation. [1] [2]
A negative balance of payments, growing public debt incurred by the Vietnam War and Great Society programs, and monetary inflation by the Federal Reserve caused the dollar to become increasingly overvalued in the 1960s. [1] The drain on US gold reserves culminated with the London Gold Pool collapse in March 1968. [2]
The plan was announced on August 15, 1971 in a national televised address. Nixon declared that the gold window would be closed and that gold would no longer be transferable to US dollars. This created an 8 percent devaluation to the dollar, as compared to other major currencies of the time, stimulating American exports and the domestic economy.
Jul.06 -- Yale School of Management Dean Emeritus Jeffrey Garten, author of "Three Days at Camp David," discusses the lessons learned from President Richard Nixon taking the U.S. off the gold ...
The Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 (Title II of Pub. L. 91–379, 84 Stat. 799, enacted August 15, 1970, [2] formerly codified at 12 U.S.C. § 1904) was a United States law that authorized the President to stabilize prices, rents, wages, salaries, interest rates, dividends and similar transfers [3] as part of a general program of price controls within the American domestic goods and labor ...
By the summer of 1971, Nixon was under strong public pressure to act decisively to reverse the economic tide. On August 15, 1971, he ended the convertibility of the U.S. dollar into gold, which meant the demise of the Bretton Woods system, in place since World War II. As a result, the U.S. dollar fell in world markets.
August 7 – Apollo 15 returns to Earth. August 11 – Construction begins on the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. August 15 – President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system. He also imposes a 90-day freeze on wages, prices and rents.
December 10 – President Nixon signs a tax bill, cutting consumer and business taxes by 15.8 billion over the following three years, into law. [14] William Rehnquist is confirmed to the United States Supreme Court by a Senate vote of 68 to 26. [15] December 11 – United States Deputy Secretary of Defense David Packard resigns. [16]