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Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
"Mental retardation" was renamed "intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)".[13]Speech or language disorders are now called communication disorders—which include language disorder (formerly expressive language disorder and mixed receptive-expressive language disorder), speech sound disorder (formerly phonological disorder), childhood-onset fluency disorder (), and a new ...
Intellectual disability, also known as general learning disability, a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder; Learning disability, where a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner; Mental disorder, also called mental illness or psychiatric disorder, a behavioral or mental pattern that causes impairment of personal functioning
Mental retardation (more commonly referred to as intellectual disability [39] [40]) is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communicating, taking care of themselves, and social skills. In children, these limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric ...
Intellectual disability or mental retardation, is defined as assessed to have an IQ below 70, along with limitations in adaptive functioning and onset before the age of 18 years. [3] Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by executive dysfunction. It has effects on attention span ...
Ancient civilizations described and treated a number of mental disorders. Mental illnesses were well known in ancient Mesopotamia, [157] where diseases and mental disorders were believed to be caused by specific deities. [158] Because hands symbolized control over a person, mental illnesses were known as "hands" of certain deities. [158]