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Tools used for controlling and improving business processes. Tools used for data consolidation and decision making. Nowadays, management tools have evolved dramatically in the last decade thanks to fast technology advances, so fast that it is difficult to select the best business tools for any situation in any company. [4]
An agency cost is an economic concept that refers to the costs associated with the relationship between a "principal" (an organization, person or group of persons), and an "agent". The agent is given powers to make decisions on behalf of the principal.
A cost centre is a department within a business to which costs can be allocated. The term includes departments which do not produce directly but they incur costs to the business, [1] when the manager and employees of the cost centre are not accountable for the profitability and investment decisions of the business but they are responsible for some of its costs.
Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the Industrial Revolution when the complexities of running large scale businesses led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. Various ...
Common examples of this relationship include corporate management (agent) and shareholders (principal), elected officials (agent) and citizens (principal), or brokers (agent) and markets (buyers and sellers, principals). [4] In all these cases, the principal has to be concerned with whether the agent is acting in the best interest of the principal.
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA), sometimes also called benefit–cost analysis, is a systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives.It is used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits while preserving savings in, for example, transactions, activities, and functional business requirements. [1]
Every decision in the product development process affects cost: design is typically considered to account for 70–80% of the final cost of a project such as an engineering project [1] or the construction of a building. [2] In the public sector, cost reduction programs can be used where income is reduced or to reduce debt levels. [3]
Business policy was a term then current for what has come to be called strategic management. [30]) The first chapter of the textbook stated, without using the acronym, the four components of SWOT and their division into internal and external appraisal: Deciding what strategy should be is, at least ideally, a rational undertaking.