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2. Primary transcript - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_transcript

   The steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts involve a series of molecular interactions that initiate transcription of DNA within a cell's nucleus. Based on the needs of a given cell, certain DNA sequences are transcribed to produce a variety of RNA products to be translated into functional proteins for cellular use.

3. Mature messenger RNA - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mature_messenger_RNA

   Unlike the eukaryotic RNA immediately after transcription known as precursor messenger RNA, [1] mature mRNA consists exclusively of exons and has all introns removed. The Maturation of mRNA. Mature mRNA is also called "mature transcript", "mature RNA" or "mRNA". The production of a mature mRNA molecule occurs in 3 steps: [2] [3] Capping of the ...

4. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

   Eukaryotic Transcription. Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. [1] Gene transcription occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic RNA polymerase that initiates the transcription of all ...

5. Bacterial transcription - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_transcription

   In bacteria, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas in eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. [14] There is only one type of bacterial RNA polymerase whereas eukaryotes have 3 types. [2]

6. Transcription (biology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

   Only one of the two DNA strands serves as a template for transcription. The antisense strand of DNA is read by RNA polymerase from the 3' end to the 5' end during transcription (3' → 5'). The complementary RNA is created in the opposite direction, in the 5' → 3' direction, matching the sequence of the sense strand except switching uracil ...

7. Upstream and downstream (DNA) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_and_downstream_(DNA)

   Each strand of DNA or RNA has a 5' end and a 3' end, so named for the carbon position on the deoxyribose (or ribose) ring. By convention, upstream and downstream relate to the 5' to 3' direction respectively in which RNA transcription takes place. [1] Upstream is toward the 5' end of the RNA molecule, and downstream is toward the 3

8. Transcription - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription

   Transcription (linguistics), the representations of speech or signing in written form Orthographic transcription, a transcription method that employs the standard spelling system of each target language; Phonetic transcription, the representation of specific speech sounds or sign components; service and software

9. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

   In contrast, the 3' Poly(A) tail is added to the 3' end of the mRNA molecule and is composed of 100-200 adenine bases. [8] These distinct mRNA modifications enable the cell to detect that the full mRNA message is intact if both the 5' cap and 3' tail are present. [1] This modified pre-mRNA molecule then undergoes the process of RNA splicing.