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  2. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    A completely polar bond is more correctly called an ionic bond, and occurs when the difference between electronegativities is large enough that one atom actually takes an electron from the other. The terms "polar" and "nonpolar" are usually applied to covalent bonds, that is, bonds where the polarity is not complete. To determine the polarity ...

  3. Fajans' rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajans'_rules

    Although the bond in a compound like X+Y- may be considered to be 100% ionic, it will always have some degree of covalent character. When two oppositely charged ions (X+ and Y-) approach each other, the cation attracts electrons in the outermost shell of the anion but repels the positively charged nucleus.

  4. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent characters are called polar covalent bonds. [2] Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution, typically not when solid. Ionic compounds generally have a high melting point, depending on the charge of the ions they consist of. The higher the charges the stronger the cohesive ...

  5. Bonding in solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonding_in_solids

    As noted above, covalent and ionic bonds form a continuum between shared and transferred electrons; covalent and weak bonds form a continuum between shared and unshared electrons. In addition, molecules can be polar, or have polar groups, and the resulting regions of positive and negative charge can interact to produce electrostatic bonding ...

  6. Intramolecular force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramolecular_force

    Covalent bonds are generally formed between two nonmetals. There are several types of covalent bonds: in polar covalent bonds, electrons are more likely to be found around one of the two atoms, whereas in nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons are evenly shared. Homonuclear diatomic molecules are purely covalent.

  7. Salt (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)

    The circumstances under which a compound will have ionic or covalent character can typically be understood using Fajans' rules, which use only charges and the sizes of each ion. According to these rules, compounds with the most ionic character will have large positive ions with a low charge, bonded to a small negative ion with a high charge. [25]

  8. Covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond

    In organic chemistry, covalent bonding is much more common than ionic bonding. Covalent bonding also includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, three-center two-electron bonds and three-center four-electron bonds. [2] [3] The term covalent bond dates from 1939 ...

  9. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Pauling obtained the first equation by noting that a bond can be approximately represented as a quantum mechanical superposition of a covalent bond and two ionic bond-states. The covalent energy of a bond is approximate, by quantum mechanical calculations, the geometric mean of the two energies of covalent bonds of the same molecules, and there ...