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The mid-20th century saw a resurgence of Native American political activism, particularly during the American Indian Movement (AIM) of the 1960s and 1970s. [5] Native women participated actively in these movements, calling attention to issues like treaty rights, land reclamation, and cultural preservation. [5]
In the 1930-50s a Puerto Rican group of women founded what is now considered the current movement for Latin American women. Some of these movements included founding the needle industry such as working as sewists in factories. Then in the 1960s, the movement changed to advocate for bodily and economic rights of women.
Native American women continue to face racial and ethnic stereotypes due to the discourse caused by colonialism in the 15th century. Because of this, many misconceptions continue to permeate today that can cause extreme harm to indigenous women. One major stereotype of Native American women is the idea that they are promiscuous.
While white women were concerned with obtaining birth control for all, women of color were at risk of sterilization because of these same medical and social advances: "Native American, African American, and Latina groups documented and publicized sterilization abuses in their communities in the 1960s and 70s, showing that women had been ...
Historians describe two waves of feminism in history: the first in the 19 th century, growing out of the anti-slavery movement, and the second, in the 1960s and 1970s. Women have made great ...
Women of All Red Nations (WARN) was a Native American women's organization that fought for Native American civil and reproductive rights. It was established in 1974 by Lorelei DeCora Means , Madonna Thunderhawk , Phyllis Young , Janet McCloud , Marie Sanchez and others.
Before this, Chicano/a had been a term of derision, adopted by some Pachucos as an expression of defiance to Anglo-American society. [14] With the rise of Chicanismo, Chicano/a became a reclaimed term in the 1960s and 1970s, used to express political autonomy, ethnic and cultural solidarity, and pride in being of Indigenous descent, diverging from the assimilationist Mexican-American identity.
A direct effect of sterilization of Native American women was that the Native American birth rate decreased. [20] In 1970, the average birth rate of Native American women was 3.29, but it declined to 1.30 in 1980. The birthrate of Apache women fell from 4.01 to 1.78. In comparison, the average white woman birth rate fell from 2.42 to 2.14. [33]