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Diagram of horsts and grabens In geology , horst and graben (or range and valley ) refers to topography consisting of alternating raised and lowered fault blocks known as horsts and grabens . The features are created by normal faulting and rifting caused by crustal extension . [ 1 ]
Strike and dip are generally written as 'strike/dip' or 'dip direction,dip', with the degree symbol typically omitted. The general alphabetical dip direction (N, SE, etc) can be added to reduce ambiguity. For a feature with a dip of 45° and a dip direction of 75°, the strike and dip can be written as 345/45 NE, 165/45 NE, or 075,45.
Bar Initiation: The braid bar will form following a series of dune amalgamations. As sediments are deposited to form the braid bar, flow in the channel begins to diverge, with the braid bar acting as a wedge. This stage is associated with high flow in the braided river. Bar Growth: Dune amalgamation continues as an accretionary dune front is ...
Gravel bar in the American River, Washington, United States. A bar in a river is an elevated region of sediment (such as sand or gravel) that has been deposited by the flow. Types of bars include mid-channel bars (also called braid bars and common in braided rivers), point bars (common in meandering rivers), and mouth bars (common in river ...
Strike-slip faults with left-lateral motion are also known as sinistral faults and those with right-lateral motion as dextral faults. [19] Each is defined by the direction of movement of the ground as would be seen by an observer on the opposite side of the fault. A special class of strike-slip fault is the transform fault when it forms a plate ...
Dendritic drainage: the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet, seen from space: snow cover has melted in the valley system. In geomorphology, drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of land, whether a particular region is ...
Drop bars may have one or two longitudinal indentations so that the brake and shift cables protrude less when they are wrapped under the bar tape. They may also have a flattened top section. Track "Track" style bars with large-radius curve. Track drop bars are a variation of bars designed for the typical riding positions of track bicycle racers.
Lake-filled half-graben showing sedimentation dominantly from the 'hinge' margin. Four zones of sedimentation can be defined in a half-graben. The first is "escarpment margin" sedimentation, found along the major border faults bounding the half graben, where the deepest part of the basin meets the highest rift-shoulder mountains. [6]