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The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices.
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet.The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a network protocol that is used to detect faults between two routers or switches connected by a link. It provides low-overhead detection of faults even on physical media that doesn't support failure detection of any kind, such as Ethernet , virtual circuits , tunnels and MPLS label-switched paths .
Terabit Ethernet (TbE) is Ethernet with speeds above 100 Gigabit Ethernet. The 400 Gigabit Ethernet ( 400G , 400GbE ) and 200 Gigabit Ethernet ( 200G , 200GbE ) [ 1 ] standard developed by the IEEE P802.3bs Task Force using broadly similar technology to 100 Gigabit Ethernet [ 2 ] [ 3 ] was approved on December 6, 2017.
10 Gigabit Ethernet (abbreviated 10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second. It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard.
40 Gigabit Ethernet 100 Gigabit Ethernet Backplane — 100GBASE-KP4 Improved Backplane 40GBASE-KR4 100GBASE-KR4 100GBASE-KR2 7 m over twinax copper cable 40GBASE-CR4 100GBASE-CR10 100GBASE-CR4 100GBASE-CR2 30 m over Category 8 twisted pair 40GBASE-T — 100 m over OM3 MMF: 40GBASE-SR4 100GBASE-SR10 100GBASE-SR4 100GBASE-SR2 125 m over OM4 MMF [94]
Other Ethernet variants, such as 1000BASE-T use the same channels in each direction simultaneously. In any case, with full-duplex operation, the cable itself becomes a collision-free environment and doubles the maximum total transmission capacity supported by each Ethernet connection. Full-duplex has also several benefits over the use of half ...
Ethernet over twisted-pair technologies use twisted-pair cables for the physical layer of an Ethernet computer network. They are a subset of all Ethernet physical layers . Early Ethernet used various grades of coaxial cable , but in 1984, StarLAN showed the potential of simple unshielded twisted pair .