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The concept of street-level bureaucracy was first coined by Michael Lipsky in 1969, [2] who argued that "policy implementation in the end comes down to the people [(the street-level bureaucrats)] who actually implement it". However, the process of street-level bureaucracy has been around for a much longer period.
The concept of street-level bureaucracy was popularized by Michael Lipsky in 1980. He argued that "policy implementation in the end comes down to the people who actually implement it". [2] He argued that state employees such as police and social workers should be seen as part of the "policy-making community" and as exercisers of political power.
Street-level bureaucrats have to deal with the provision of service as well as translating vaguely worded mandates into specific cohesive and comprehensive language to organize protocol. [ 3 ] Administrative discretion allows agencies to use professional expertise and judgment when making decisions or performing official duties, as opposed to ...
Behavioral Public Administration (BPA) is the study of psychological methods and findings in political administrative settings, that is, cognitive and decision biases and discriminations by bureaucrats, the interaction between citizens and bureaucrats, and the psychological effects of public service failure. [1]
"The lights may be on in federal buildings, but too many federal bureaucrats continue to work from home," House Oversight Committee Chair James Comer, R-Ky., told Fox News Digital in a statement.
A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government. The term bureaucrat derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. [ 1 ]
The Conservative playbook known as Project 2025 goes far beyond the bureaucracy in its aims for reshaping America. The plan, outlined in a nearly 1,000-page document, includes recommendations on ...
The term representative bureaucracy is generally attributed to J. Donald Kingsley's book titled Representative Bureaucracy that was published in 1944. In his book, Kingsley calls for a " liberalization of social class selection for the English bureaucracy," due to the "Dominance of social, political, and economic elites within the British bureaucracy" which he claimed resulted in programs and ...