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HATU was first reported by Louis A. Carpino in 1993 as an efficient means of preparing active esters derived from 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt). [2] HATU is commonly prepared from HOAt and TCFH under basic conditions [3] and can exist as either the uronium salt (O-form) or the less reactive iminium salt (N-form).
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
The result: 1 liter of water can dissolve 1.34 × 10 −5 moles of AgCl at room temperature. Compared with other salts, AgCl is poorly soluble in water. For instance, table salt (NaCl) has a much higher K sp = 36 and is, therefore, more soluble. The following table gives an overview of solubility rules for various ionic compounds.
TCFH itself is a common reagent used in the preparation of uronium and guanidinium salts used for amide bond formation and peptide synthesis, such as HATU. [3] [4] [5]Amide bond formation with TCFH can be performed in a wide range of organic solvents, most commonly acetonitrile, but also water [6] and in the solid state. [7]
1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC, EDAC or EDCI) is a water-soluble carbodiimide usually handled as the hydrochloride. [1] It is typically employed in the 4.0-6.0 pH range. It is generally used as a carboxyl activating agent for the coupling of primary amines to yield amide bonds.
Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound that is a derivative of benzotriazole.It is a white crystalline powder, which as a commercial product contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal).
HBTU (Hexafluorophosphate Benzotriazole Tetramethyl Uronium) is a coupling reagent used in solid phase peptide synthesis.It was introduced in 1978 and shows resistance against racemization.