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Croup is usually treated with a single dose of steroids by mouth. [2] [7] In more severe cases inhaled epinephrine may also be used. [2] [8] Hospitalization is required in one to five percent of cases. [9] Croup is a relatively common condition that affects about 15% of children at some point. [4]
In children, viral infections such as croup or epiglottitis are frequent causes. [4] Adults are more likely to experience obstruction from enlargement of the tonsils or vocal cord paralysis. [3] Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common chronic cause of upper airway obstruction. [2]
Treatment comprises symptomatic support usually via analgesics for headache, sore throat, and muscle aches. [13] Moderate exercise in sedentary subjects with a naturally acquired URTI probably does not alter the overall severity and duration of the illness. [14] No randomized trials have been conducted to ascertain benefits of increasing fluid ...
An injection against croup at the Hôpital Trousseau, Paris. Photogravure by Bruun Clement, 1899, after P.A.A. Brouillet, 1893. Iconographic Collections
Whooping cough (/ ˈ h uː p ɪ ŋ / or / ˈ w uː p ɪ ŋ /), also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. [1] [10] Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. [1]
With appropriate treatment, the risk of death among children with the condition is about one percent and among adults is seven percent. [3] Elsewhere, it has been reported that only one percent of adults diagnosed with epiglottitis die from the disease. [11] Some people may develop pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, or septic arthritis. [30]
For optimal management of a pneumonia patient, the following must be assessed: pneumonia severity (including treatment location, e.g., home, hospital or intensive care), identification of causative organism, analgesia of chest pain, the need for supplemental oxygen, physiotherapy, hydration, bronchodilators and possible complications of ...
Treatments of the common cold primarily involve medications and other therapies for symptomatic relief. [13] Getting plenty of rest, drinking fluids to maintain hydration, and gargling with warm salt water are reasonable conservative measures. [56] Much of the benefit from symptomatic treatment is, however, attributed to the placebo effect. [57]