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An axon can divide into many branches called telodendria (Greek for 'end of tree'). At the end of each telodendron is an axon terminal (also called a terminal bouton or synaptic bouton, or end-foot). [20] Axon terminals contain synaptic vesicles that store the neurotransmitter for release at the synapse. This makes multiple synaptic connections ...
Myelin (/ ˈ m aɪ. ə l ɪ n / MY-ə-lin) is a lipid-rich material that surrounds nerve cell axons to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) pass along the axon. [1] [2] The myelinated axon can be likened to an electrical wire (the axon) with insulating material (myelin) around it. However ...
Lamellar microtubules: They are the microtubules that eventually wrap around the axon, forming the myelin sheath. Actin-based: These include terminal foot processes of podocytes and dendritic spines (small protrusions arising from dendrites). [3] IF-based: The predominant cytoskeletal element within astrocyte processes at birth is microtubules.
A single oligodendrocyte can extend its processes to cover up to 40 axons, that can include multiple adjacent axons. [2] The myelin sheath is not continuous but is segmented along the axon's length at gaps known as the nodes of Ranvier. In the peripheral nervous system the myelination of axons is carried out by Schwann cells. [1]
Axoplasm is the cytoplasm within the axon of a neuron (nerve cell). For some neuronal types this can be more than 99% of the total cytoplasm. [1]Axoplasm has a different composition of organelles and other materials than that found in the neuron's cell body or dendrites.
Each axon is an extension of an individual neuron, along with other supportive cells such as some Schwann cells that coat the axons in myelin. Nerve cell and organization Each axon is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the endoneurium .
Retrograde axonal transport is mediated by cytoplasmic dynein, and is used for example to send chemical messages and endocytosis products headed to endolysosomes from the axon back to the cell. [2] Operating at average in vivo speeds of approximately 2 μm/sec, [18] [19] fast retrograde transport can cover 10-20 centimeters per day. [2]
A nerve fascicle is a bundle of nerve fibers belonging to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system. [1] A nerve fascicle is also called a fasciculus, [2] as is a nerve tract in the central nervous system.