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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and economically devastating infectious disease affecting beef cattle in the world. [1] It is a complex, bacterial or viral infection that causes pneumonia in calves which can be fatal. It also affects many other species of feedlot animals like sheep and pigs, but is most prominent in calves. [2]
Calves commonly face on-farm acquired diseases, often of infectious nature. Preweaned calves most commonly experience conditions such as diarrhea, omphalitis, lameness and respiratory diseases. Diarrhea, omphalitis and lameness are most common in calves aged up to two weeks, while the frequency of respiratory diseases tends to increase with age.
Infection normally occurs in calves between the ages of one week and three months. Gastrointestinal signs include profuse diarrhea, dehydration, depression, reduced weight gain and anorexia. Respiratory infection in the calf produces a serous to purulent nasal discharge. Clinical signs may worsen with secondary bacteria infection.
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine viral diarrhoea (UK English) or mucosal disease, previously referred to as bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), is an economically significant disease of cattle that is found in the majority of countries throughout the world. [1]
Coccidiosis (in cattle also known as Eimeriosis) is one of the most important diseases in calves and youngstock both under housing conditions and when grazing. Symptoms are generally caused by the species Eimeria zuernii and Eimeria bovis and include loss of appetite, fatigue, dehydration, and watery, sometimes bloody, diarrhoea. [4]
BPV most commonly causes diarrhea in neonatal calves and respiratory and reproductive disease in adult cattle. The distribution of the virus is worldwide. Transmission is both vertical (transplacental route) and horizontal (oro-fecal route). The virus is very resistant to chemical and physical challenges.
With mud impacting many farms and ranches, protecting livestock health and managing muddy conditions is an absolute must.
Eimeria bovis is a host specific parasite that is shed by infected cattle. [1] The parasite enters the cattle via contaminated food, water or surfaces contaminated infective (sporulated) oocysts (fecal-oral-route). In the gut environment of the animal the oocysts hatch and releases 8 zoites. The zoites undergo two asexual cycles .
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