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Succinic acid can be dehydrogenated to fumaric acid or be converted to diesters, such as diethylsuccinate (CH 2 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3) 2. This diethyl ester is a substrate in the Stobbe condensation . Dehydration of succinic acid gives succinic anhydride . [ 15 ]
In the laboratory, this material can be prepared by dehydration of succinic acid. Such dehydration can occur with the help of acetyl chloride or phosphoryl chloride, [5] or thermally. [6] Industrially, succinic anhydride is prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride. [6]
So succinic acid will yield succinic anhydride. For acids with carboxylic groups at position 1 and 6 this dehydration causes loss of carbon dioxide and water to form a cyclic ketone, for example, adipic acid will form cyclopentanone .
The Stobbe condensation entails the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with an ester of succinic acid to generate alkylidene succinic acid or related derivatives. [1] The reaction consumes one equivalent of metal alkoxide. Commonly, diethylsuccinate is a component of the reaction. The usual product is salt of the half-ester.
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Alkenes can be made from alcohols by dehydration. This conversion, among others, is used in converting biomass to liquid fuels. [2] The conversion of ethanol to ethylene is a fundamental example: [3] [4] CH 3 CH 2 OH → H 2 C=CH 2 + H 2 O. The reaction is accelerated by acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid and certain zeolites.
Maleic acid or cis-butenedioic acid is an ... maleic acid can be converted into maleic anhydride by dehydration, to malic acid by hydration, and to succinic acid by ...
dehydration of 5-amino-1-pentanol. Being bifunctional, 5-amino-1-pentanol reacts in a polycondensation reaction with esters of dicarboxylic acids (or their cyclic acid anhydrides, such as succinic anhydride) to give polyesteramides. These polymers have been investigated as biodegradable plastics, e.g. absorbable sutures.
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