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  2. Offline root certificate authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offline_Root_Certificate...

    An offline root certificate authority is a certificate authority (as defined in the X.509 standard and RFC 5280) which has been isolated from network access, and is often kept in a powered-down state. In a public key infrastructure, the chain of trusted authorities begins with the root certificate authority (root CA).

  3. Validation authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validation_authority

    It must be continuously updated with current CRL information from a certificate authority which issued the certificates contained within the CRL. While this is a potentially labor-intensive process, the use of a dedicated validation authority allows for dynamic validation of certificates issued by an offline root certificate authority. While ...

  4. X.509 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509

    In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard defining the format of public key certificates. [1] X.509 certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS/SSL, which is the basis for HTTPS, [2] the secure protocol for browsing the web.

  5. Root certificate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate

    In cryptography and computer security, a root certificate is a public key certificate that identifies a root certificate authority (CA). [1] Root certificates are self-signed (and it is possible for a certificate to have multiple trust paths, say if the certificate was issued by a root that was cross-signed) and form the basis of an X.509-based ...

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  7. Public key infrastructure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure

    Currently the majority of web browsers are shipped with pre-installed intermediate certificates issued and signed by a certificate authority, by public keys certified by so-called root certificates. This means browsers need to carry a large number of different certificate providers, increasing the risk of a key compromise.

  8. Certificate authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority

    A certificate authority (CA) is an organization that stores public keys and their owners, and every party in a communication trusts this organization (and knows its public key). When the user's web browser receives the public key from www.bank.example it also receives a digital signature of the key (with some more information, in a so-called X ...

  9. Chain of trust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_trust

    The roles of root certificate, intermediate certificate and end-entity certificate as in the chain of trust. In computer security, a chain of trust is established by validating each component of hardware and software from the end entity up to the root certificate. It is intended to ensure that only trusted software and hardware can be used ...