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The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. [ 11 ][ 12 ] Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. It was a provincial center in the earliest unified empires of China, Qin and Han.
Names of Beijing. " Beijing " is from pinyin Běijīng, which is romanized from 北京, the Chinese name for this city. The pinyin system of transliteration was approved by the Chinese government in 1958, but little used until 1979. It was gradually adopted by various news organizations, governments, and international agencies over the next decade.
Beijing. Beijing, [a] previously romanized as Peking, [b] is the capital of China. With more than 22 million residents, [11] it is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city after Shanghai. [12] It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the ...
This is a list of cities and towns whose names were officially changed at one or more points in history. It does not include gradual changes in spelling that took place over long periods of time.
Four Great Ancient Capitals. There are traditionally four major historical capitals of China referred to as the "Four Great Ancient Capitals of China" (simplified Chinese: 中国四大古都; traditional Chinese: 中國四大古都; pinyin: Zhōngguó Sì Dà Gǔ Dū). The four are Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang and Xi'an (Chang'an).
Yan Xishan's troops soon occupied Beijing, effectively dissolving the Beiyang government; unification was declared on June 16 by the Nationalists. [11] Beijing was renamed Beiping until the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
On 1 January 1912, Sun officially declared the establishment of the Republic of China and was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President.However, power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time.
Standard Mandarin. Hanyu Pinyin. Zhílì. Wade–Giles. Chih 2 -li 4. Zhili, alternately romanized as Chihli, was a northern administrative region of China since the 14th-century that lasted through the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty until 1911, when the region was dissolved, converted to a province, and renamed Hebei in 1928.