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Sodium chloride / ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food ...
When sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are combined, the sodium atoms each lose an electron, forming cations (Na +), and the chlorine atoms each gain an electron to form anions (Cl −). These ions are then attracted to each other in a 1:1 ratio to form sodium chloride (NaCl). Na + Cl → Na + + Cl − → NaCl
Ionic bonding between sodium and chlorine. An ionic bond can be approximated as complete transfer of one or more valence electrons of atoms participating in bond formation, resulting in a positive ion and a negative ion bound together by electrostatic forces. [4]
This driving force is what causes sodium and chlorine to undergo a chemical reaction, wherein the "extra" electron is transferred from sodium to chlorine, forming sodium cations and chloride anions. Being oppositely charged, these cations and anions form ionic bonds and combine to form sodium chloride, NaCl, more commonly known as table salt.
Infobox references. The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine ion (Cl −), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). Many inorganic chlorides are salts.
Chlorine. orthorhombic (oS8) Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element ...
Chlorine has seven valence electrons and can form only one bond with an atom that donates a valence electron to complete chlorine's outer shell. However, chlorine can also have oxidation states from +1 to +7 and can form more than one bond by donating valence electrons. Hydrogen has only one valence electron, but it can form bonds with more ...
Salt (chemistry) The crystal structure of sodium chloride, NaCl, a typical salt. The purple spheres represent sodium cations, Na +, and the green spheres represent chloride anions, Cl −. The yellow stipples show the electrostatic forces. In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively ...