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Congenital heart defect. A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. [ 7 ] A congenital heart defect is classed as a cardiovascular disease. [ 10 ]
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), formerly known as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, [9] is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects. [4] Classically, the four defects are: [4] pulmonary stenosis, which is narrowing of the exit from the right ventricle; a ventricular septal defect, which is a hole allowing blood to flow between ...
The most common heart malformations from genetic or epigenetic problems are: stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, which is a narrowing of the vessels, atrial and/or ventricular septal defect, tricuspid atresia, and hypoplastic left and right heart syndrome. When an individual has hypoplastic right or left heart syndrome, it means that ...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. [3] CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease ...
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare congenital disease of heart muscle that affects both children and adults. [1] It results from abnormal prenatal development of heart muscle. [2][3] During development, the majority of the heart muscle is a sponge-like meshwork of interwoven myocardial fibers. As normal development progresses, these ...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) Congenital hyperinsulinism. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) Conjoined twins. Costello syndrome.
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
These conditions are now referred to as rheumatic diseases and include conditions that also affect the organs. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common of over 200 rheumatic ...