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Brain death is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function, which may include cessation of involuntary activity necessary to sustain life. [1][2][3][4] It differs from persistent vegetative state, in which the person is alive and some autonomic functions remain. [5] It is also distinct from comas as long as some brain and ...
Lazarus sign. The Lazarus sign or Lazarus reflex is a reflex movement in brain-dead or brainstem failure patients, [1] which causes them to briefly raise their arms and drop them crossed on their chests (in a position similar to some Egyptian mummies). [2][3] The phenomenon is named after the Biblical figure Lazarus of Bethany, [4] whom Jesus ...
Brainstem death is a clinical syndrome defined by the absence of reflexes with pathways through the brainstem – the "stalk" of the brain, which connects the spinal cord to the mid-brain, cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres – in a deeply comatose, ventilator -dependent patient. Identification of this state carries a very grave prognosis for ...
Cotard's syndrome, also known as Cotard's delusion or walking corpse syndrome, is a rare mental disorder in which the affected person holds the delusional belief that they are dead, do not exist, are putrefying, or have lost their blood or internal organs. [ 1 ] Statistical analysis of a hundred-patient cohort indicated that denial of self ...
A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [5] TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury ...
Subtle changes in brain activity in the presence of both amyloid-beta and tau proteins may point to Alzheimer's disease, long before symptoms appear, a new study indicates.
Intraventricular hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), also known asintraventricular bleeding, is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. It can result from physical trauma or from hemorrhagic stroke.
Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. [5] There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and; hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. [5] Both cause parts of the brain to stop functioning properly. [5]