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In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pip (UK), pit (US), stone, or pyrena) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. Drupes do not split open to release the seed, i.e., they are indehiscent. [1]
Peanut seeds are contained in indehiscent legume fruit Acacia senegal fruits, in contrast, are dehiscent legume fruit Some, but not all, indehiscent fruits are included in specialized morphological categories such as achene , berry , caryopsis , cypsela , drupe , hesperidium , loment , pepo , pome , samara , syconium .
A berry or bacca was distinguished from a drupe and a pome, both of which also had an unvalved solid pericarp; a drupe also contained a nut (nux) and a pome a capsule (capsula), rather than the berry's naked seeds. [27] Linnaeus' use of bacca and pomum was thus significantly different from that of Caesalpinus. Botanists continue to differ on ...
The wasps then die and larvae develop in the galls, while seeds develop in the pollinated flowers. 4–6 weeks after egg laying, the wingless males emerge, mate with the females still in their galls, and cut a tunnel out of the syconium. As the females emerge, they collect pollen from male flowers, which ripen later.
A pyrena or pyrene (commonly called a "pit" or "stone") is the fruitstone within a drupe or drupelet produced by the ossification of the endocarp or lining of the fruit. [1] It consists of a hard endocarp tissue surrounding one or more seeds (also called the "kernel").
The small fruits of Ilex, although often referred to as berries, are technically drupes. [8] They range in color from red to brown to black, and rarely green or yellow. The "bones" contain up to ten seeds each. Some species produce fruits parthenogenetically, such as the cultivar 'Nellie R. Stevens'. The fruits ripen in winter and thus provide ...
The fruit is a small red drupe 6–12 mm diameter containing four seeds; it is often persistent into winter. [4] [7] [8] Branch full of ripe fruit. A ratio of three female plants to one male plant is required for ideal fruit production. [11] The current world record American Holly tree is located in Rose Bud, White County, Arkansas.
Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce urushiol, an irritant. The Anacardiaceae include numerous genera, several of which are economically important, notably cashew (in the type genus Anacardium ), mango , Chinese lacquer tree , yellow mombin , Peruvian pepper , poison ivy , poison oak , sumac , smoke ...